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The history of formal education in Estonia dates back to the 13–14th centuries when the first monastic and cathedral schools were founded. The first primer in the Estonian language was published in 1575. The oldest university is the University of Tartu which was established by the Swedish king Gustav II Adolf in 1632. In 1919, university courses were first taught in the Estonian language. Today's education in Estonia is divided into general, vocational and hobby education. The education system is based on four levels which include the pre-school, basic, secondary and higher education.〔(Ministry of Education and Research )〕 A wide network of schools and supporting educational institutions has been established. The Estonian educational system consists of state, municipal, public and private educational institutions. There are currently 589 schools in Estonia.〔List of schools in Estonia, 〕 Academic higher education in Estonia is divided into three levels: bachelor’s studies, master’s studies, and doctoral studies. In some specialties (basic medical studies, veterinary, pharmacy, dentistry, architect-engineer and a classroom teacher program) the Bachelors and Master’s levels are integrated into one unit. Also ''bakalaureusekraad'' awarded before or on year 2002 are equivalent to the Master's level degrees awarded after implementing the Bologne Process in 1 September 2002.〔http://www.hm.ee/index.php?popup=download&id=4039〕 Estonian public universities have significantly more autonomy than applied higher education institutions. In addition to organizing the academic life of the university, universities can create new curricula, establish admission terms and conditions, approve the budget, approve the development plan, elect the rector and make restricted decisions in matters concerning assets.〔(Implementation of Bologna Declaration in Estonia )〕 Estonia has a moderate number of public and private universities. The largest public universities are Tartu University, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn University, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonian Academy of Arts, (Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre ) and the largest private university is the International University of Audentes. The Estonian Academy of Sciences is Estonia's national academy of science. The IT industry of Estonia in late 1950s as the first computer centers were established in Tartu and Tallinn. Estonian specialists contributed in the development of software engineering standards for different ministries of the Soviet Union during the 1980s.〔A. Kalja, J. Pruuden, B. Tamm, E. Tyugu, ''Two Families of Knowledge Based CAD Environments. In: Software for Manufacturing'' (North-Holland), 1989, pp 125-134〕〔H. Jaakkola, A. Kalja, ''Estonian Information Technology Policy in Government, Industry and Research. In: Technology Management: Strategies and Applications.'' (Vol. 3, No. 3), 1997, pp 299-307〕 ==Pre-school education== Pre-school education is delivered to children between the ages of 18 months to seven years in especially dedicated educational institutions. The main aim of the early stages education is to support the child’s family through fostering the child’s growth and development by taking into account their individuality. Facilities for the pre-school education are provided by the local authorities at the request of parents. Pre-school children’s institutions follow state curricula that is specifically formulated for the purpose. Children who have passed the pre-school curriculum will be issued a certificate that records the child’s development. The parents will submit this certificate to the school where the child will be enrolled. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Education in Estonia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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